Antenatal (Prenatal) Depression
A depressive episode occurring during pregnancy, involving persistent low mood and related symptoms that affect daily functioning.
Overview
Antenatal depression refers to a major depressive episode occurring during pregnancy, involving persistent depressed mood, loss of interest, and related symptoms that affect daily functioning and wellbeing.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms can include persistent sadness, excessive worry about the pregnancy or baby, changes in sleep and appetite beyond typical pregnancy changes, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
Risk factors include a personal or family history of depression, hormonal changes, pregnancy complications, relationship stress, and limited social support.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy, has evidence supporting its use during pregnancy and is often a first-line option.
Medication
Certain antidepressant medications may be considered during pregnancy; treatment decisions should carefully weigh risks and benefits with a qualified prescribing healthcare professional. Medication decisions should be made with a qualified prescribing healthcare professional. Do not start, stop, or change a prescribed medication based solely on information on this page.
Living With Antenatal (Prenatal) Depression
Connecting with prenatal mental health support and maintaining regular obstetric care are important parts of managing antenatal depression.
When to Seek Professional Help
Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.
Emergency Situations
If a person may be in immediate danger, is experiencing a medical or psychiatric emergency, or may harm themselves or another person, seek immediate assistance through appropriate local emergency services.
Outlook
With appropriate treatment, many individuals experience significant symptom improvement during pregnancy and beyond.
Related Conditions
Medical Information Disclaimer
Ratel Health provides general educational information and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or individualized medical advice. Information on this page is not a substitute for evaluation or care from a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or another person, or to start, stop, or change treatment or medication without consulting an appropriately qualified healthcare professional.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).
- National Institute of Mental Health.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision.