Bipolar I Disorder

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Bipolar I Disorder

Medically reviewed · Ratel Health editorial team · Sunday, 16 August 2026

A mood disorder defined by at least one manic episode, often accompanied by episodes of depression.

Overview

Bipolar I disorder is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. It is one of several bipolar and related disorders involving significant shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels.

Signs and Symptoms

A manic episode can involve elevated or irritable mood, decreased need for sleep, rapid speech, racing thoughts, impulsivity, and increased goal-directed activity. Depressive episodes can involve low mood, low energy, and loss of interest, similar to major depressive disorder. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause is not fully understood. Genetic factors play a substantial role, and changes in brain structure and function, as well as stress or sleep disruption, are associated with episode onset.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.

Psychotherapy

Psychoeducation, family-focused therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy may help support mood stability and treatment adherence alongside medication.

Medication

Mood stabilizers and certain antipsychotic medications are commonly used and several are FDA-approved for bipolar I disorder; medication is often central to treatment. Medication decisions should be made with a qualified prescribing healthcare professional. Do not start, stop, or change a prescribed medication based solely on information on this page.

Living With Bipolar I Disorder

Consistent sleep schedules, mood tracking, stress management, and avoiding substance use can help support stability between episodes.

When to Seek Professional Help

Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.

Emergency Situations

If a person may be in immediate danger, is experiencing a medical or psychiatric emergency, or may harm themselves or another person, seek immediate assistance through appropriate local emergency services.

Outlook

Bipolar I disorder is a chronic condition that can be managed effectively for many people with ongoing treatment, though relapses can occur even with treatment.

Related Conditions

Bipolar II Disorder

A mood disorder defined by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, without a full manic episode.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A mood disorder involving numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria for hypomanic or major depressive episodes, over at least two years.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder involving persistent sadness or loss of interest that interferes with daily life for at least two weeks.

Schizoaffective Disorder

A condition involving an uninterrupted period of illness with a major mood episode concurrent with symptoms of schizophrenia, along with psychotic symptoms occurring in the absence of mood symptoms.

Medical Information Disclaimer

Ratel Health provides general educational information and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or individualized medical advice. Information on this page is not a substitute for evaluation or care from a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or another person, or to start, stop, or change treatment or medication without consulting an appropriately qualified healthcare professional.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).
  • National Institute of Mental Health.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
  • World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision.