Restless Legs Syndrome
A sleep-related movement disorder involving an urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, that worsens at rest and in the evening.
Overview
Restless legs syndrome involves an urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, that begins or worsens during rest, is partially or fully relieved by movement, and is worse in the evening or at night.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms can include uncomfortable crawling or aching sensations in the legs, an irresistible urge to move them, and difficulty falling or staying asleep as a result. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
Iron deficiency, pregnancy, kidney disease, and genetic factors are each associated with restless legs syndrome; the exact mechanism is not fully understood.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.
Psychotherapy
Addressing underlying contributing factors, such as iron deficiency, is a central part of management.
Medication
Certain medications are FDA-approved to reduce symptoms in moderate-to-severe cases. Medication decisions should be made with a qualified prescribing healthcare professional. Do not start, stop, or change a prescribed medication based solely on information on this page.
Living With Restless Legs Syndrome
Regular moderate exercise, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and good sleep habits may help reduce symptoms.
When to Seek Professional Help
Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.
Emergency Situations
If a person may be in immediate danger, is experiencing a medical or psychiatric emergency, or may harm themselves or another person, seek immediate assistance through appropriate local emergency services.
Outlook
Symptoms can often be well managed, though the condition is typically chronic and may fluctuate over time.
Related Conditions
Medical Information Disclaimer
Ratel Health provides general educational information and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or individualized medical advice. Information on this page is not a substitute for evaluation or care from a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or another person, or to start, stop, or change treatment or medication without consulting an appropriately qualified healthcare professional.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).
- National Institute of Mental Health.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision.