Panic Disorder
A condition involving recurrent, unexpected panic attacks along with persistent worry about future attacks or their consequences.
Overview
Panic disorder involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks — sudden surges of intense fear or discomfort — along with persistent concern about having additional attacks or significant changes in behavior related to them.
Signs and Symptoms
A panic attack can involve a racing heart, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness, trembling, sweating, and a sense of impending doom or loss of control. Attacks typically peak within minutes. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is not fully understood. Genetic factors, heightened sensitivity to bodily sensations, and life stress are each associated with panic disorder.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.
Psychotherapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy, including interoceptive exposure, has evidence supporting its use for reducing panic frequency and severity.
Medication
Certain antidepressant medications are FDA-approved for panic disorder and may be recommended, particularly for more persistent or severe symptoms. Medication decisions should be made with a qualified prescribing healthcare professional. Do not start, stop, or change a prescribed medication based solely on information on this page.
Living With Panic Disorder
Learning to recognize early panic symptoms, practicing breathing techniques, and reducing avoidance of feared situations can support recovery.
When to Seek Professional Help
Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.
Emergency Situations
If a person may be in immediate danger, is experiencing a medical or psychiatric emergency, or may harm themselves or another person, seek immediate assistance through appropriate local emergency services.
Outlook
Panic disorder responds well to treatment for many people, with significant reduction in attack frequency and associated anxiety.
Related Conditions
Medical Information Disclaimer
Ratel Health provides general educational information and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or individualized medical advice. Information on this page is not a substitute for evaluation or care from a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or another person, or to start, stop, or change treatment or medication without consulting an appropriately qualified healthcare professional.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).
- National Institute of Mental Health.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision.