Overview

Nicotine Use Disorder involves a problematic pattern of nicotine use, such as through cigarettes or vaping products, leading to significant impairment or distress, including difficulty cutting down and continued use despite health consequences.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms can include strong cravings, unsuccessful attempts to quit, continued use despite known health problems, and withdrawal symptoms such as irritability or difficulty concentrating when not using. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.

Causes and Risk Factors

Nicotine is highly addictive, and risk factors include early age of first use, genetic vulnerability, and social or environmental factors that normalize use.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.

Psychotherapy

Behavioral counseling, including structured quit programs, significantly improves the likelihood of successful cessation.

Medication

Nicotine replacement therapy and certain prescription medications can support cessation; a healthcare provider can discuss the best combination.

Living With Nicotine Use Disorder

Identifying triggers, planning for cravings, and using combined behavioral and medication support tend to produce the best results.

When to Seek Professional Help

Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.

Outlook

While quitting can take multiple attempts, combined behavioral and medication treatment substantially improves long-term success rates.

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