Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
A condition involving neurological symptoms, such as weakness or non-epileptic seizures, that are incompatible with recognized neurological disease.
Overview
Conversion disorder, also called functional neurological symptom disorder, involves one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function that are incompatible with recognized neurological or medical conditions, causing significant distress or impairment.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms can include weakness or paralysis, abnormal movements, non-epileptic seizure-like episodes, or sensory disturbances that do not follow expected neurological patterns. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is not fully understood. Psychological stress, prior trauma, and altered brain network function are each associated with the condition.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.
Psychotherapy
Specialized physical therapy and psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral approaches, have evidence supporting their use.
Living With Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Working with a clinician experienced in functional neurological disorders, who can validate symptoms while supporting recovery, is important.
When to Seek Professional Help
Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.
Emergency Situations
If a person may be in immediate danger, is experiencing a medical or psychiatric emergency, or may harm themselves or another person, seek immediate assistance through appropriate local emergency services.
Outlook
Many people improve with a coordinated, multidisciplinary treatment approach, though the course can vary.
Related Conditions
Medical Information Disclaimer
Ratel Health provides general educational information and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or individualized medical advice. Information on this page is not a substitute for evaluation or care from a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or another person, or to start, stop, or change treatment or medication without consulting an appropriately qualified healthcare professional.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).
- National Institute of Mental Health.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision.