Encopresis
A childhood elimination disorder involving repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places after an age when continence is expected.
Overview
Encopresis involves repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places, whether involuntary or intentional, occurring at least once a month for at least three months in a child at a developmental age of four or older.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms can include soiling episodes, which are often associated with constipation and overflow incontinence, though some cases occur without constipation. Experiencing one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has this condition. Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical evaluation.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is not fully understood. Chronic constipation, toilet training difficulties, and psychological stress are each associated with encopresis.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis should be made by a qualified healthcare professional following a comprehensive clinical assessment. Clinicians may use established diagnostic frameworks such as DSM-5-TR and/or ICD-11 as part of a comprehensive assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, clinical history, severity, age, co-occurring conditions, and other relevant factors.
Psychotherapy
Behavioral approaches, often combined with medical management of constipation, have evidence supporting their use.
Living With Encopresis
Consistent toileting routines and dietary changes to address constipation, guided by a pediatric clinician, are often part of treatment.
When to Seek Professional Help
Professional evaluation may be appropriate if symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress, or interfere with work, school, or relationships.
Outlook
Most children improve with combined medical and behavioral treatment.
Related Conditions
Medical Information Disclaimer
Ratel Health provides general educational information and does not provide medical diagnosis, treatment, or individualized medical advice. Information on this page is not a substitute for evaluation or care from a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use this information to diagnose yourself or another person, or to start, stop, or change treatment or medication without consulting an appropriately qualified healthcare professional.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).
- National Institute of Mental Health.
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision.